Articles

Terrorist and extremist groups have left a heavy intellectual legacy in society due to repeated attacks, placing a major responsibility on academic institutions, especially universities, to confront these challenges through moderate and balanced thought. Society relies on two main intellectual pillars: religious institutions, which provide continuous guidance, and universities, which serve as centers of knowledge and problem-solving through qualified scholars. Universities particularly influence youth, the most vulnerable group to ideas, by spreading scientific and cultural awareness beyond campus. This is achieved through lectures, seminars, workshops, and constructive dialogue, reinforcing their vital role in promoting balanced thinking and countering extremism.

Unplanned urban expansion into agricultural lands in Iraq is no longer merely an urban planning issue; it has become a significant factor affecting urban environmental quality, particularly through increased air pollution and elevated noise levels. Data indicate that the loss of vegetation, the rise in vehicle numbers, and intensified urban activities without clear regulations all weaken the city’s capacity to provide a healthy environment for residents. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more conscious urban planning that places environmental quality at the core of expansion decisions, ensuring cities that are more balanced, healthier, and sustainable.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health challenge that demands innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional approaches. Synthetic biology and phage engineering offer advanced methods to reprogram microbial systems for precise detection and targeted treatment of infections, including silencing resistance genes and disrupting bacterial biofilms. Despite their promising potential for smart and targeted therapies, these technologies face challenges related to biosafety, genetic stability, and regulatory considerations. These approaches represent a shift toward next-generation precision therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The hammer of possibilities besieges reproduction on the anvil of increasing local consumption of farm animal meat . From a scientific perspective, reproduction is defined as the production of new individuals of the same species in order to increase their numbers and preserve them from extinction

 Mathematics is one of the fundamental sciences that forms the foundation of many other fields